Sciatica? Lumbar Radicular Pain? Pins and Needles? Understanding lower back referring leg pain.

Sciatica is a common condition we treat in clinic, and it’s often misunderstood. In this blog, we’ll answer the most frequently asked questions about sciatica—from what it is and what causes it, to how you can manage it and when to seek further support.

1. What Is Sciatica?

Sciatica refers to nerve pain that travels down the leg, caused by irritation of the sciatic nerve roots in the lower back. The sciatic nerve runs from your lower spine through the buttock and down to your foot. When irritated, it can cause pain, tingling, or numbness anywhere along this path.

2. Common Symptoms of Sciatica

Sciatica can present differently for everyone, but typical symptoms include:

• Pain radiating down the leg (often just one side)

• Burning or electric shock sensations

• Pins and needles, numbness, or muscle weakness

• Occasionally: sensations of coldness or running water in the leg

  
  

3. What Causes Sciatica?

The most common cause of sciatica is irritation to the nerve, or compression of the nerve roots in the lower back, sometimes due to a disc bulge or inflammation. Interestingly, not all disc changes are painful—many people have disc changes without symptoms. Not all nerve pain has a mechanical component either.

Other factors that can influence pain levels include:

• Poor sleep

• Stress or anxiety

• Low mood or emotional health

  
  

4. Who Is Affected—and for How Long?

• Most common in people aged 40–50

• For many, symptoms significantly improve within 12 weeks

• About 75% recover within a year—though some take longer

  
  

5. How Painful Is Sciatica?

Pain can range from mild discomfort to severe, shooting pain down the leg. It often fluctuates and can be emotionally distressing—but rest assured, sciatica is rarely dangerous. Staying active and engaged in life (as best you can) is key for recovery.

6. Do You Need a Scan?

Not usually. Most cases are diagnosed through a thorough history and physical exam. Scans (like MRI) are typically reserved for:

• Planning for surgery

• Ruling out serious or rare conditions

  
  

7. Is Leg Pain Always Sciatica?

Not all leg pain is due to sciatica. Other issues—like hip problems or referred pain from the lower back—can mimic it. In fact, only about 8–10% of back pain cases involve the sciatic nerve. An assessment by a qualified physio helps clarify the cause.

8. Can I Sit or Sleep Normally?

Yes—painful postures are not harmful. You might need to adjust positions for comfort, and movement is encouraged. Try to return to your usual sitting and sleeping postures gradually, as tolerated.

9. Can I Exercise with Sciatica?

Absolutely. Gentle and consistent activity is one of the most effective strategies for sciatica recovery. Consider:

• Walking

• Swimming

• Specific rehab programs tailored by your physio

Start slow, and rest if needed—but avoid long periods of inactivity.

10. How Is Sciatica Treated?

The good news? Most people recover without surgery. Key treatment strategies include:

• Time and reassurance

• Physiotherapy and personalised exercise programs

• Medications for short-term pain relief

• In some cases: nerve injections or surgical intervention

Sciatica can be uncomfortable, but it's highly manageable with the right support. If you're unsure whether your leg pain is sciatica, or you're struggling to recover, a tailored assessment can make all the difference.

Need help with sciatica? Book in with our experienced physio team today—we’re here to help you get moving with confidence.